This chapter replaces the Turing Test with a mechanistic way to recognize consciousness. It introduces the 4C Test—Competence, Cost, Coherence, and Constraint‑Responsiveness—to distinguish genuine integration work from sophisticated mimicry in humans, animals, AI, and institutions.

The old question—“Do non‑human entities have minds?”—usually hides two others: What is a mind? and What evidence would count? In the CaM / GRM framework, a mind is a pattern of ongoing integration under constraint, equipped with memory, self‑model, and the capacity to learn from its own history...