The Neural Pathway Fallacy (NPF) is a formal neurocognitive hypothesis: repeated poor reasoning habits physically entrench flawed neural circuits. This paper presents the NPF formula (six cognitive factors, logarithmic time/exposure modifiers), its neurobiological grounding, and a threshold‑based intervention framework. It positions NPF within the ESA architecture and includes a falsifiability box.

This accessible SE Press feature unpacks the Neural Pathway Fallacy (NPF)—the trap of mistaking neural or cognitive familiarity for evidence or truth. Drawing on leading OSF research, it explains why NPF is a powerful engine for misinformation and shows how SE Press communication tools and cognitive audits empower readers to detect and overcome this bias in everyday life. Written for the general public and educators, it’s a practical guide to thinking beyond your brain’s comf