What happens to consciousness theory when difference is not exception but essence? For most of its history, philosophy and science have treated the “normal” mind as the default—a baseline against which other ways of thinking and perceiving are measured, often as deficits. Neurodiversity upends that assumption. It forces us to ask: is there one way to be conscious, or are there many? And if there are many, what does that do to our models of self, attention, memory, and integra